Hals cash flow problems

Hals cash flow problems Hal is encountering a situation where it cannot meet its short-term liquidity requirements. As such, most of its cheques issued to its supplies are bouncing owing to the insufficient amounts in the bank. Cash flow is a key indicator of the financial situation of an entity as opposed to revenues statements that may contain non-cash revenues, which give a deceptive picture. In Hal’s case, there are a variety of reasons that are triggering the liquidity problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hal’s cash flow problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, most of its sales are made on credit. Only 10 percent of its turnover are on cash basis. This limits the amounts of liquid funds in the entity. Furthermore, the rate at which the amounts are paid is low. This further compounds the problem that Hal is facing. Once credits sale are made, the debtor should pay up within three months. However, Hal only con siders any payment of debtors as late once it exceeds ten months from the due date. This is a lengthy period that Hal has provided. Subsequently, the debtors can delay payments for a long period without any consequences. This situation has contributed significantly to the liquidity problems in the entity since most of its funds may be held up as debtors (Coyle, 2000). The entity also has many cash commitments. These commitments include the cash payments of the material delivered by suppliers. Additionally, it pays its employees promptly. The cash requirements in this entity are massive after its suppliers denied them credit facilities. Subsequently, the cash requirements in the entity will outstrip Hal’s cash inflows. The entity also incurs a certain cost when collecting funds form cash sales. The above problems have resulted in the current liquidity problems that Hal is encountering (Nesvetailova, 2010). Solutions The only way to solve the above liquidity situation is by boo sting Hal’s cash inflows. First, the entity should attempt to increase its cash remittances by encouraging cash payments. Hal can accomplish this by proposing discounts to clientele ready to transact on cash basis. By adopting such measures its can increase the proportion of its cash sales to about 15-20%. The second measure the entity should undertake is to change the manner in which its debtors pay their debts. The entity should demand that debtors pay on a 50-30-20 basis. This will ensure that the entity has adequate funds. The remittances by the debtors have been a key cause of financial woes at Hal.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The entity should also reduce the period beyond which remittances are considered late. Currently, Hal allows ten months. Hal should reduce the period to six months. This would boost the rate of payment of its debts. Additional ly, the entity should enact penalties for late payments. Instituting such policies would increase discipline in the remittance of the debts. Hal should also seek an institution that will charge lower that 2.5% for deposits made. This is a significant margin which has reduced this entity’s funds levels. Finally, the entity should negotiate better terms with the various parties it pays. Suppliers have denied them credit facilities. If Hal can negotiate fresh terms with its suppliers, then it will incur reduced cash outflows. Hal should also review its employment policy. It should encourage permanent employees who may reduce its salaries overheads (Neely, 2002). The above details elaborate how the above entity can address the current liquidity problems that it is encountering. References Neely, A. (2002). Business performance measurement: Theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nesvetailova, A. (2010). Financial alchemy in crisis: The great liquidity illusion . London: Pluto Press. Coyle, B. (2000). Cash flow forecasting and liquidity. Chicago: Glenlake Pub. Co.

10 Power Packed Sports Quotes Inspires You to Test Your Limits

10 Power Packed Sports Quotes Inspires You to Test Your Limits Many sporting legends have climbed the ladder of success after going through a lifetime of hardships. Lack of facilities, lack of money, and physical deformities are just a few of the obstacles. By sheer grit and hard work, they ploughed through difficult times. Sometimes they went without food. At other times, they had no roof above their heads. Here are my top 4 favorite sports icons that made a difference to the world. They continue to be the source of inspiration, not just for excellence in sports, but also for their tenacity that helped them overcome their hardships. Read these motivational sports quotes from the best players in the world. 1. PeleIconic Brazilian soccer star Pele, one of the greatest soccer legends, grew up in poverty in Sao Paulo. To augment family income, Pele performed odd jobs such as polishing shoes or working as a servant in tea stalls. A sock stuffed with rags would serve as his soccer ball. Pele went on to become one of the greatest soccer players. Success was sweet, but it was not without struggle. Some of my favorite Pele quotes are: Enthusiasm is everything. It must be taut and vibrating like a guitar string.A penalty is a cowardly way to score.Everything on earth is a game. A passing thing. We all end up dead. We all end up the same, don’t we?Success is no accident. It is hard work, perseverance, learning, studying, sacrifice and most of all, love of what you are doing or learning to do. 2. Usain BoltLightning fast sprinter Usain Bolt is from Jamaica a country that is among the poorest in the world. Growing up, Bolt had to face hardships like most children in his village. Resources were scarce. Though many athletes came from the tiny village of Trelawny Parish, the tracks were grassy patches, and shoes non-descript. Street lights were few and far between. Running water ran dry frequently. Arguably the fastest man in the world, Usain Bolt is the king of the running track, the first man in Olympic history to win both the 100-meter and 200-meter races in record timing. Usain Bolts meteoric rise to fame came from small beginnings.   Here are some brilliant gems of inspiration from a man of humble origins. A lot of legends, a lot of people, have come before me. But this is my time.I dont think limits.It was not perfect but Im very happy. It could have been better, but Im now looking forward to my second race of the season.Worrying gets you nowhere. If you turn up worrying about how youre going to perform, youve already lost. Train hard, turn up, run your best and the rest will take care of itself.I told you all I was going to be No. 1, and I did just that. 3. Michael PhelpsSwimming superstar Michael Phelps was not a fish born in water. At 7 years of age, Phelps was diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD results in impulsive behavior, constant fidgeting, and a lack of focus on anything for a prolonged period. Phelps needed a release for his hyperactive energy, and swimming was his liberation. 15 year old Michael Phelps went on to become the youngest American male swimmer in 68 years to compete at the Olympic Games. With 22 Olympic gold medals, Michael Phelps is one of the highest grossers of Olympics gold.   Some of my favorite Michael Phelps quotes: You cant put a limit on anything. The more you dream, the farther you get.If you want to be the best, you have to do things that other people arent willing to do.And, you know, being able to wear the stars and stripes, when you step up on one of the blocks or, you know, when you step off of an airplane or when you hear the national anthem play, you know, its one of the greatest feelings in the world because you know that there are people at home who are supporting you and watching you.I think goals should never be easy, they should force you to work, even if they are uncomfortable at the time.I want to be able to look back and say, ‘I’ve done everything I can, and I was successful.’ I don’t want to look back and say I should have done this or that.So many people along the way, whatever it is you aspire to do, will tell you it can’t be done. But all it takes is imagination. You dream. You plan. You reach. 4. Michael JordanWas Michael Jordan blessed with the physical attributes that make a basketball legend? On the contrary, Jordan had trouble making it to the school varsity team. Imagine what would happen if Michael Jordan had just given up and walked away? Today, we regard Michael Jordan as the greatest basketball player of all time. But every oak tree started out as an acorn. Michael Jordan did too. The following quotes by Michael Jordan will inspire you: I can accept failure; everyone fails at something. But I cant accept not trying.Obstacles don’t have to stop you. If you run into a wall, don’t turn around and give up. Figure out how to climb it, go through it, or work around it.If you quit once it becomes a habit. Never quit!Ive failed over and over and over again in my life and that is why I succeed.What is love? Love is playing every game as if its your last!If you accept the expectations of others, especially negative ones, then you never will change the outcome.

DQ-4-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

DQ-4-Terence - Essay Example The new information threatens the regulatory requirements as they provide conflicting information. Concerns though have risen to whether the different uses of internet guidelines are beneficial to the organization and whether the new patterns should align or contradicts the general communication patterns from the body. Investigations into this inquiry are therefore the paramount objective of the paper, articulated through discussions and evidence from the scholarly articles by different researchers. Organizational structure determines the operational policy and the work process of any company that the business employs. Actions as the managerial reporting, movement of knowledge, decision-making process and dissemination of information are the essential components ensured by the organizational structures (Im, Hong & Kang, 2011). The structures whether they move within the organization and between the groups levels has no inherent of being better than the other. Rather, the structures have their sole benefit to the organization that suits them well in a particular situation (Wixom & Watson, 2012). Information flow in the major organizations has been structured on a departmental level and organizational level. The corporate level can be referred to as the flow of ideas within the organization that is inherent from the other organizations branches. The department heads use their own internet rather than sharing a broader network in the whole group. The organizational level uses a different internet in communication to other regions. Many individual will argue that it’s due to the independent nature employed by the organization to ensure each unit performs to its best. Whether the idea of separating internet usage within and between the groups’ levels remains a question for debate? Operating with the same policies and work procedures means the organization has similar goals and objectives to accomplish and why separate their internet

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Critique - Essay Example nimous concern that there will be a knowledge-based generational gap if higher education is not transformed to keep with the accelerating changes of digital information. Levine and Dean do identify and make the valid claim that the majority of students believe they will achieve success based on previous generation’s ability to do so, and how students do not take into account the reality of a poor economic infrastructure. However, students do recognize that a stagnant economy will curtail the possibilities of monetary success. It is important to acknowledge what students today think about the future of the economy; twenty years ago, tuition was never thought to reach the price and investment that it has today. Although the authors reveal and extol their concepts on how society as a whole is changing inevitably through the digital revolution, it is conveyed in an editorial point of view. The author’s concerns have a sense of legitimacy, but many assumptions are made witho ut taking into account that life and society is always changing. Change, by definition, is an ever-evolving transformation that at times can seem to occur instantaneously. The credibility such as the statistics given becomes skewed and misleading to the audience because of the way Levine and Dean interpret them. Although Levine and Dean make broad assumptions, they do, however, make agreeable depictions on the concept of how grades are more inflated, but not how they perceive it to have been done. â€Å"Forty-one percent of undergrads have grades of an A- or higher† (Levine & Dean), this statistic may be true, but the point of view from the authors mislead the audience by claiming that a student who has an A got that grade because grades are inflated, which leads to their assumption that today’s undergrads are â€Å"weak academically†. The authors do not take into account that every teacher is different in his or her own way, an assumption cannot be concluding with the evidence given. This is in

Soundtrack for a Revolution Essay Example for Free

Soundtrack for a Revolution Essay A look at American history shows a legacy of many prominent forms of civil disobedience, the one being reviewed in this paper being the Civil Rights Movement during the twentieth century. Individuals such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks were the figureheads that led to the attainment of the rights that African Americans were being stripped of. These astonishing and inspiring goals were met through their strenuous struggle, which included protests, rallies and other events surrounding the cause that finally led to African American citizens gaining their hard earned civil rights. Soundtrack for Revolution takes a look at the American civil rights movement, focusing on the role that music, spirituals and protest songs sang had on the pickets, sit-ins, and demonstrations of that turbulent era. Soundtrack of Revolution examines such pivotal moments such as the Montgomery bus boycott, the March on Washington, and the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King. Through old footage and interviews, spirituals like Wade in the Water and We Shall Not Be Moved, and folk songs like Phil Ochs Heres to the State of Mississippi are each connected to specific aspects or moments of the movement. These songs had effects on change and continuity, culture and community, and finally on power and governance you can cage a singer but not song Harry Belafonte. Change and continuity is a classic debate that looks at how the world is shaped. This particular movie looks at the changes made in American society, specifically civil rights. The American people, especially African-Americans, faced many changes in the twentieth century. Challenges including gaining their civil rights, the Civil Rights Movement was where millions of African-Americans fought to get the rights they deserved, while at the same time retaining their common traditions. This movie examined pivotal moments such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system in Montgomery, Alabama. This campaign lasted from December 1, 1955, when Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person at the front of the bus, to December 20, 1956. This boycott led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional and unjust. This was a major win in the Civil rights movement and ultimately led the march on Washington. This victory along with their music brought them together we felt like it was going to be good trouble, it as necessary trouble. Congress man John Lewis, student movement leader said, it gave the African-American people a sense of hope and ignited the flame they needed. This quote is a clear representation of how they would do anything (non violent), even risking jail time, abuse and death to fight for their equality. Culture and Community are very closely related in the sense that people from the same culture or people that share common values will come together in united communities within areas as well as in large scale countries. This theme is evident in the movie Soundtrack for Revolution. The African-Americans were treated inhumanely and therefore they shared a common prejudice. This brought them together and ultimately led to them pushing for civil rights in the United States. There loyalty to the cause and their community is best seen during the various sit-ins they went through around Montgomery, Alabama. Sit-ins were a crucial part of the nonviolent strategy of civil disobedience and mass protests that eventually led to passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which ended legally-sanctioned racial segregation in the United States as well as the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that struck down many racially-motivated barriers used to deny voting rights to non-whites. The sit-ins were done at strategic areas, they were usually done at higher end cafes, diners, and restaurants where they would cause a greater statement. The African-American people that participated in these sit-ins were harassed constantly and were treated disgustingly, constantly being spit on or attacked. The protestors would sing together and had an immensely powerful spirit that could not be broken through violence you can break my bones but you cannot break my spirit,(Lynda Lowery, Selma protestor). This quote directly links to how powerful their spirit was and it shows that they werent afraid to do what they had to, to win their freedom. The theme of Power and Governance is a major reoccurring theme in this documentary. Throughout the movie we see the struggle of power between the blacks and the whites, however their battles were for very different things. The whites fought to maintain their power. They were governed by themselves but also had the assistance of the Montgomery law enforcement as well as the State of Alabama, which was governed by George Wallace. The blacks on the other hand, had only themselves. They relied on their music and their charismatic leader Martin Luther King Jr to get them through these hard times. Martin Luther King Jr was an American clergyman, activist, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. Martin Luther King was best known for his role in the advancement of Civil Rights Movement using non-violent civil disobedience. He was a very brave man and ultimately payed the highest price for what he believed in. He was stabbed multiple times and was eventually assassinated. Martin Luther King Jr didnt fear death, he would do anything he could in his power to make the lives of millions better. The only way we can really achieve freedom; is to somehow conquer the fear of death, for if a man has not discovered something that he would die for, he isnt fit to live it, (Martin Luther King). This sense of loyalty to the cause inspired millions of African-Americans to do the same and together united by song they beat segregation, and were finally recognized as equals. In conclusion there have been many struggles in the world that have been overcome. The Civil Rights Movement was one of these amazing feats of man. In North America, for the most part, blacks, whites, Jews, and Arabs all live in harmony, we share schools, classrooms, playgrounds as well as morals. The movie Soundtrack for Revolution shows the story of the Civil Rights Movement and how songs, spirituals and protest songs held a group of courageous people together during their pickets, sit-ins, and non-violent demonstrations during a turbulent era. This was accomplished with the aid of Martin Luther King JR and on August 28, 1963 â€Å"The Great March on Washington took place, this was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and it called for civil and economic rights for African Americans. The themes of change and continuity, culture and community, and finally on power and governance are very evident in the movie as well as how song relates to them you can cage a singer but not song Harry Belafonte.

Liberalization :: essays research papers

Is liberalizing Waynia in the best interest of the country I believe it definitely is. When you look at all the positives that come from being a part of a liberalized country, it is the clear-cut choice. Free trade is something that comes with being liberal. When you see how free trade can open up so many new markets to you and your country, you’ll see that it is the only choice. Along with free trade, you need to look at how conservatives think that input into political matters when you’re not a noble or king is bad. Liberal belief is that contribution of thoughts and ideas coming from all people is a good thing. If you have an idea about how you could reduce taxes, or how you could remove tariffs restricting your business then by all means, let it out. That is the great thing about liberalization; freethinking is encouraged to help better supply your country with your own opinions. The final thing I want to harp on is freedom from religious persecution. You no longer have to worry about who to worship, or how to worship, but rather take into account all religious thoughts and chose for yourself what suits you best.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From a financial point of view, now that you’re in an industrialized nation, wealth is no longer associated with only the land you possess. Now that a currency is used to represent your wealth, you’re going to want as much as possible. Liberalization preaches free trade, and free trade is the building blocks for a successful business. If you look at the second article in the Declaration of the Rights of Man, you’ll see that you have the right to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. This means that you have the right to trade and barter with whomever you choose. With this freedom you have the opportunity to get the highest asking price when selling your product because you’re not limited to who you can and can not sell or trade with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Article eleven in the Declaration of the Rights of Man states â€Å"The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.† What that’s telling you is that your ideas and opinions are important to the country.

Introduction of Event Marketing

Introduction In the following, the feasibility analysis will define whether possible to organize the Game before 2030 in Hong Kong. game refers to the biggest multi-sport games after the Olympic game. There are 58 disciplines in this game. Also, it is the biggest event in the Asian countries. This game is helped by the Olympic Council of China. They're part of member organized the event every four years. (Olympic Council of China) Feasibility analysis 1. This event is a good idea Asian game can increase the awareness of sporting and the Hong Kong athletes can exchange the experience and communicate with another sport man/sport woman.It can improve the sporting infrastructure in Hong Kong and to meet the international standard of these sport equipments. Through the communication with other countries athlete, it can exchange the experience to gain more knowledge to perform the sport and the sport event well even to create the opportunity to organize another sport event to do so. Moreov er, it can increase the importance of sport, to deliver the message of becoming a healthier person through sufficient physical exercise. It can increase the people’s willingness to doing exercise because they can know more about the sporty stuff via the Asian Game too.Samsung Distribution ChannelThis game can attract more tourists to come to Hong Kong to visit the event and to visit the many attractions here to raise the reputation on it. 2. We have the skills required to plan and run the event In the past, Hong Kong held 5th East Asian game successfully. (Agency for volunteer service) This organization helps to enroll the volunteers to involvement in the East Asian Game previously. It is important for us to organize the similar event like the Asian Games. Moreover, Hong Kong Leisure and Cultural Services Department organize amount of the sport event successfully in Hong Kong (Appendix 3)We have the experience in conducting the sport event like Hong Kong Seven. It enriches ou r experience in sports event. (Hong Kong Sevens) Moreover, in 2008, Olympic and Paralympics Equestrian Events also organized in Hong Kong successfully. Moreover, we can seek the Olympic Council to transfer experience and allocate the helpers and planners to us to facilitate the event. Asian Game since 1951 and it held 16 times so as to have many good examples to refer with. In this case, we can sure the necessary skills, knowledge and capabilities can be fulfilled through various sources to support with. 3. Community is supporting the Asian gamesThere are two aspects to decide whether the community support. It refers to the government approvals and publicity efforts. Since we have enough skills, well-planning, and effective in allocating resources, it is not hard to get the government to approve this Asian Game. The supporting documents and evidence needs to submit to the government to get the permit. Before submitting to the government, we should seek the options of the residents w ho are nearing the event’s location. Normally, we need some helpers to collect the option of the residents, to conduct the survey with the citizen to persuade them to involve in this event.In this case, most of them will agree with the event because it is the international sport event and can enhance the reputation of Hong Kong. After the agreement of them, we need the publicity to help us to promote the event in a positive way to gain the government approve and support. 4. We have the infrastructure in the community The place that used to conduct the sport event is sufficient. There are many locations available to conduct the event. We can use the resources that are used in East Asian Games previously. Firstly, the Victoria park swimming pool is available to organize the swimming competition. Appendix 1) There have the parking space near the Swimming pool Also, it's near the Tin Hau MTR station, have a bus stop on the Hing Fai Street (Appendix 2) In addition, there is Taxi s top, Mini bus stop , tram stops Near the MTR station. The audience of the swimming event can use these transportation tools to go and leave for the event. Moreover, there are lots of Leisure Facilities which are located in Hong Kong. (See Appendix 4) All of them have enough parking spaces, good transportation network, well-constructed roads and tracks, huge exhibition area, supplement of electronic power, water and heating and good as sewage treatment. . Can we get a venue at a price we can afford? According the Previous Press release, running a sport event used around 2. 4 billion and received around 1. 17 billion. We expected that the expenditure of Asian Games is 3. 4 billion and the revenue of 2. 17 billion. We can find sponsors to support the cost of decoration and catering to reduce the expenditure of the Asian Games. Moreover, the venue of the competition has a regular period to maintain the quality of the venue and the equipment in order to achieve the international standard requirements. We need to gain the safety teams to help to dialogues the sport person’s safe.St John is mainly responsible for the large scale of different kinds of event. It keeps to providing the first aid service in Hong Kong. (Please refer to Appendix 6) The venue manager is important when running the event, also, it is a critical role to decide whether the event successful so that he is necessary to monitor the arrangement of the venue. 6. Will the event attract media support? The Asian Games event will attract media support because it has over 20 countries to join our event so that the media must broadcast the event two or from the country.Most of the promotion tools rely on the sport event time interval to charge higher prices so that the media will support this game. Most of the company will place heavy advertisement during this period to enhance the awareness of them so that the media will encourage that kind of event. Moreover, the media can enrich the information a nd to deliver to their audience, to shape the issue, to trigger the discussion of the event. Moreover, the media is more willing to support the government-based event because the government will place advertisement in different media periodically.Once the media help the government, the opportunity to place the advertisement or public release in the media will increase. 7. The event is financially viable There are many ways to raise the capital to cover the costs. The sponsorship is the key sources of capital. We can find different sponsors to help us to facilitate the event. Omega companies can take responsibility on timing service. FedEx can help to deliver the materials which are related to the sport event. HSBC can sponsor some part of our expenses. Nike can sponsor the clothes of the sport person.Samsung can support all of LED display monitors. Although is it a vast investment in this event, the raising capital is not hard to complete once it is well-arranged. Also, we can sell the souvenirs to enhance the revenue. Some of the audience prefer to buy in memory of this event or as a gift to others. 8. The event will attract audiences Through the media and community support, it is sure attracting audience interest. Added up the government, it enhances the involvement of citizens. Also, the sponsors will help us to spread out the information about the event.Moreover, it is an international event in Hong Kong which it only once upon a time so that it is the selling point of this event. People can see the sport man who are coming from different and not coming before the event. The Uniqueness of this event is attractive for the audience. It brings benefits for the audience to observe the performance of them which is coming from various countries. 9. The success criteria are reasonable We can referring the past experience of organizing with the event and believe that this event is very attractive for the audience and the community, edia, government and sponsors wi ll support us because it bring a lot of benefits for them. Enhance the awareness of them is a good example to illustrate this situation. Also, we are financially affordable, it enhance the opportunity for success as well. We can deliver the importance of sporting to the Hong Kong’s citizen success through the tools that mentioned above so that it is possible to gain success. The purpose of communicating with the sport man/woman is achieved in this event. Exchange the experience of against the competition also useful for them. 10. What are the risks?There have risks when running the event. It refers to the management risk and weather risk. Firstly, it is difficult to sure that all things are in control. It should have many meetings to communicate with a different department to maintain the consistency of the direction. Secondly, the weather is difficult to predict with 100% accurately so that is should provide other alternatives and to plan the arrangement of delay on competit ion. Conclusion To conclude, this event is worthy to start with because it brings a lot of long term benefits to the worldwide so that it should be going to run the event.

Japan CCOT Essay

In 1853, Western imperialism was at its height. It was spreading to several countries. British colonized India, the dutch colonized Indonesia, the United States colonized the philippines, and the french colonized vietnam. In 1929, the crash of the stock market brought a worldwide depression, known as the Great Depression. The depression caused instability in many countries. International commerce declined and tax revenues, profits, and personal income decreased. The great depression especially impacted countries that were in need of raw materials. Between the time of 1853 to 1941, Japan’s culture and political structure changed in the hopes of becoming more westernized because they wanted to be seen as equals to the Western countries. Japan also became more militaristic in hopes of not being a victim of imperialism. Although Japan experienced some changes, Japan continued the ideology of kokutai as a method for imperial advancement. Japan’s cultural and political structure changed from being a weak isolated nation to a modern imperialist country. Before Japan westernized, it was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate. This was an agricultural economy with a population of 13 billion. Japan did not associate with any other country because they believed foreign influence was a destabilizing factor. This resulted in overcrowded farms and scarce minerals. In 1853, Commodore Perry came to japan with his big black ships. The technological advancements of the ships shocked the japanese. They ended isolationism and opened trade ports in order to avoid destruction. Failure of success, in 1868 the Tokugawa shogun was overthrown and emperor Meiji had complete power. During this time, Japan was very decentralized. There were several semi-independent feudal lords. The emperor saw how Japan was at a great disadvantage from being in isolation for so many years. He knew that in order to strengthen Japan, change was need ed. This resulted in the Meiji Restoration. By 1912 Japan had a highly centralized government. There was a constitution establishing under an elected parliament. Japan had a well developed transport and communication system. Japan also increased their knowledge. There were no more feudal class restrictions in Japan. Japan was no longer weak, instead they were powerful. Japan changed from being a militarily weak country to having a powerful army  and navy. During the Tokugawa Shogunate, samurai were the soldiers of Japan. However, due to the long period of isolationism, samurais were losing their military function. Sumaris were used more for symbolism rather than support. In 1853, Commodore Perry came to Japan and threatened to destroy them if Japan did not open ports for trade. Japan’s army was to weak at that time to ignore this threat. Due to this, the Meiji reformers eliminated the outdated samurais and built a fresh new imperial army. The Meiji reforms did not want to be the target of the West, and to do that they needed to have a strong and superior army. The japanese believed a strong army was the key to imperialist success. A strong army can allow expansion. During the Great Depression, it was difficult for countries to trade. Japan was reliant on imports of resources from other countries such as the United States. The lack of impor ts resulted in Japanese expansion to China. The Japanese thought if they colonized China, they could be a non reliant country. They could support themselves with supplies. Japan were able to use military strategies in order to expand. In 1931, the Japanese blamed the Chinese for putting an unknown bomb in a railway near Shenyang. They used this as an excuse to completely occupy Manchuria. Manchuria had all the necessities that were needed by the Japanese such as coal, iron, and other minerals. This resulted in the colonization of Manchuria. Japan invaded Manchuria so that they no longer had to depend on foreign trade for resources. In 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. This act of aggression showed that Japan believed they were strong enough to fight the militant strong United States. In 1853 the United States had sent a threat to weak Japan, however throughout the years Japan trained its army and back fired at the United States. THis showed how Japan had changed it’s military drastically since 1853. Despite all these changes, Japan continued the belief of Kokutai. Kokutai was strong Japanese identification. Kokutai gave the Japanese one common identity. This related every Japanese to another. Despite the weak military, economy, and culture during the Tokugawa Shogunate Period, it was still a period of advocation for kokutai. According to the Japanese, they believed that the emperor was a descendant of god and so were the Japanese people. This belief made the Japanese think that their race was superior. This nationalism was a uniting factor. The tokugawa Shogunate period used kokutai as means of maintaining the Japanese culture. After the Meiji Restoration, the emperor wanted to maintain this uniting factor so he established a Shinto-oriented state. Shinto teachers would advocate kokutai ideology to children. This resulted in a rise of nationalism. IN 1853, when Japan opened their ports, they ended isolationism. The end of isolationism imported several Western ideas, however the Japanese did not use this as a weakness. Instead they integrated their Japanese beliefs of kokutai with western ideas. They adopted the western culture and used it with national polity. In the 1930’s, Japan saw that imperialism was necessary in order to get the resources they needed. The idea of racial superiority made the Japanese they are better than any other country and they can invade any country they want. In 1937, the Japanese captured Nanking and harmed thousands of civilians because the Japanese believed they were better than the Chinese. This was known as the Nanking Massacre. There was mass murder and mass rape done by the Japanese troops. Since the Japanese were â€Å"superior,† they believed it was okay to treat the Chinese this way. They were inferior because they were not descendants of God. Between the time of 1853 to 1941, Japan’s culture and political structure became more Westernized so that they can be an equal power to the Western imperialistic nations. Japan also became a strong militaristic country, so that they could defend themselves from any hindering imperialistic power. In spite of all these changes, kokutai advocated extreme nationalism and racial superiority throughout Japan. The end of isolationism made Japan rise as an imperialist power. The Great Depression was the main driving factor for imperialistic views in Japan. Japan was able to accomplish their goal of westernizing while still maintaining Japanese distinct ideologies such as kokutai. Through Japan’s progression from 1853 to 1941, it can be seen how significantly the Western nations impacted Pacific nations.

Coping with the reaction to your film essays

Coping with the reaction to your film essays Quite commonly during the edit when your program is evolving there is a big difference between what you intend to achieve with a particular scene, sequence or order of these and what a person watching this material for the first time will understand from it. If you keep your production totally to yourself during the whole edit C holding off showing it to any third party until its all  ¡Ã‚ °nice and polished ¡ - the chances are you might build lots of confusing elements into you program. You will get very upset when they point out that it just does not work or that they didn ¡Ã‚ ¯t understand what you thought you were conveying. Your ego is all locked up in this particular edit or even finished program and they say you are wrong or confusing them. With this secretive approach you may well have used up most of your edit schedule and budget before you discover the film is not doing what you think it is. It is well worth while to constantly trying out your evolving edits on respected colleagues or even family [as well of course of actually hearing the feedback of the commissioning editor who has the power to insist] . You know everything about the subject. Your ultimate audience might know nothing about it and will see it only once at 25 frame per second. You need to constantly test whether your intentions are being achieved as you form the structure and refine the program ¡Ã‚ ¯s  ¡story ¡Ã‚ ¯. The key to successfully using this process is to quiz your test audience/s on what they are comprehending and when or if confused at any point C NOT how they would cut it. You are not editing by committee, just seeking reliable feedback as to whether your intentions are working. If you do this throughout the edit and address any concerns and confusions raised in these sessions, by the time your program is complete you are confident that the film is achieving what you want it to with an audience. You can be more relaxed about any criti ...

Cognitive Grammar - Definition and Discussion

Cognitive Grammar - Definition and Discussion Cognitive grammar is a  usage-based approach to grammar that emphasizes symbolic and semantic definitions of theoretical concepts that have traditionally been analyzed as purely syntactic.Cognitive grammar is associated with wider movements in contemporary language studies, especially cognitive linguistics  and functionalism. The term cognitive grammar was introduced by American linguist Ronald Langacker in his two-volume study Foundations of Cognitive Grammar (Stanford University Press, 1987/1991). Observations Portraying grammar as a purely formal system is not just wrong but wrong-headed. I will argue, instead, that grammar is meaningful. This is so in two respects. For one thing, the elements of grammar- like vocabulary items- have meanings in their own right. Additionally, grammar allows us to construct and symbolize the more elaborate meanings of complex expressions (like phrases, clauses, and sentences). It is thus an essential aspect of the conceptual apparatus through which we apprehend and engage the world.(Ronald W. Langacker, Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2008)Symbolic AssociationsCognitive grammar . . . chiefly departs from traditional theories of language in its contention that the way in which we produce and process language is determined not by the rules of syntax but by the symbols evoked by linguistic units. These linguistic units include morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, sentences and whole texts, all of which are deemed inherently sym bolic in nature. The way in which we join linguistic units together is also symbolic rather than rule-driven because grammar is itself meaningful   (Langacker 2008a: 4). In claiming a direct symbolic association between linguistic form (what it terms phonological structure) and semantic structure, Cognitive Grammar denies the need for an organizational system to mediate between the phonological and semantic structures (i.e. syntax).(Clara Neary, Profiling the Flight of The Windhover. (Cognitive Grammar in Literature, ed. by  Chloe Harrison et al. John Benjamins, 2014)​ Assumptions of Cognitive GrammarA Cognitive Grammar is based on the following assumptions... .:The grammar of a language is part of human cognition and interacts with other cognitive faculties, especially with perception, attention, and memory. . . .The grammar of a language reflects and presents generalizations about phenomena in the world as its speakers experience them. . . .Forms of grammar are, like lexical items, meaningful and never empty or meaningless, as often assumed in purely structural models of grammar.The grammar of a language represents the whole of a native speakers knowledge of both the lexical categories and the grammatical structures of her language.The grammar of a language is usage-based in that it provides speakers with a variety of structural options to present their view of a given scene.(G. Radden and R. Dirven, Cognitive English Grammar. John Benjamins, 2007)Langackers  Four PrinciplesA primary commitment to Cognitive Grammar is . . . to provide an optima l set of constructs for explicitly describing the linguistic structure. Its formulation has been guided throughout by a number of principles thought to be helpful in achieving such optimality. The first principle . . . is that functional considerations should inform the process from the outset and be reflected in the frameworks architecture and descriptive apparatus. Because the functions of language involve the manipulation and symbolization of conceptual structures, a second principle is the need to characterize such structures at a reasonable level of explicit detail and technical precision. To be revealing, however, descriptions must be natural and appropriate. Thus, a third principle is that language and languages have to be described in their own terms, without the imposition of artificial boundaries or Procrustean modes of analysis based on conventional wisdom. As a corollary, formalization is not to be considered an end in itself, but must rather be assessed for its utility at a given stage of an investigation. That no attempt has yet been made to formalize Cognitive Grammar reflects the judgment that the cost of the requisite simplifications and distortions would greatly outweigh any putative benefits. Finally, a fourth principle is that claims about language should be broadly compatible with secure findings of related disciplines (e.g., cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology). Nevertheless, the claims and descriptions of Cognitive Grammar are all supported by specifically linguistic considerations.(Ronald W. Langacker, Cognitive Grammar.  The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics, ed. by  Dirk Geeraerts and Herbert Cuyckens. Oxford University Press, 2007)

Yuan an international medium of exchange Research Paper

Yuan an international medium of exchange - Research Paper Example Presently, the United States Dollar is the global medium of exchange. Since the beginning of this trend, the United States has benefited greatly in terms of the economic stability that the country has experienced. Clearly, if traders all across the world are seeking to have access to the United States Dollar, the only implication is that the value of the Dollar would continue to be strengthened naturally. However, various national and international factors have given rise to a situation whereby the strength of the United States Dollar continues to decline as against other global currencies. Today, the United States Dollar has been tagged as a weaker currency and thus its preference for international trading seem to be dwindling sharply. Without any doubt, the impact of this current trend is a positive one for the ambition of the Chinese government to have the Yuan become a global currency. From an international realism theory perspective, the initiative taken by China would have to m eet a number of conditions, among which includes the fact that â€Å"there must be strong demand by world traders, investors, and central bankers for the currency as a medium of exchange for foreign trade settlement†. But once the Yuan becomes accepted as an international medium of exchange and thus becomes a global currency, it would become â€Å"a unit of account for denominating international financial transactions, and a store of value for central banks' foreign exchange reserves†.And this is by no means an enviable position wanting.